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The mildest flavoured and easiest to grow of the radicchios, this sugarloaf type grows light green heads that are tall and slender like an extra tall romaine. Nettuno can be grown early spring through late fall, with good tolerance to hot temperatures and resistance to tipburn. Heads are well wrapped within large outer leaves and are dense when fully mature.
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Latin
Latin
Cichorium endiva (endive) & C. intybus (radicchio)
Family: Asteraceae
Difficulty
Difficulty
Endive is easy.
Radicchio is moderately difficult.
Belgian endive (witloof) is downright challenging โ but worth the effort.
Season & Zone
Season & Zone
Season: Cool season
Exposure: Full-sun
Timing
Timing
Sow after the last frost date and again inย mid-summer to take advantage of the fall growing season. Optimal soil temperature: 10-22ยฐC (50-72ยฐF). Seeds sprout in 2-15 days, depending on conditions. In hot weather plants may go to seed quickly, so have new plantings ready to go.
Starting
Starting
Either direct seed or start indoors and transplant. Sow seeds 5mm (ยผโ) deep, and thin or transplant to allow 30-45cm (12-18โณ) between plants in rows 30-45cm (12-18โณ) apart.
Days to Maturity
Days to Maturity
From direct sowing.
Growing
Growing
Ideal pH: 6.0-6.5. Enrich soil with compost and add ยผ cupย balanced organic fertilizer into the soil beneath each transplant. Rapid, continuous growth is essential for good yields and high quality. Regular watering is essential. Fall plantings can be protected from rain by putting a cloche over them. Endive heads can be blanched to reduce bitterness by placing a cardboard or plastic disc on top. Radicchio requires a good supply of phosphorus and potassium, but will not head and may bolt if there is too much nitrogen available. Days to maturity shown are from date of direct sowing. If transplanting, subtract 10-15 days.
Harvest
Harvest
Use as a cut and come again crop or let the heads develop and cut at ground level. Many will grow back.
Seed Info
Seed Info
In optimal conditions at least 65% of seeds will germinate. Usual seed life: 3 years. Per 100โฒ row: 140 seeds, per acre: 40.6M seeds.
Diseases & Pests
Diseases & Pests
Aphids โ Water can be used to remove aphids from plants. Wash the plant off with water occasionally as needed early in the day.
Moulds and rot from heavy rains can be prevented by growing under cover. Tip burn is a calcium deficiency within the plant that can be caused by an imbalance with over nutrients. Make sureย to add lime to theย soil, do not over-fertilize, and harvest just before full maturity.
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